With Spain phasing out its Golden Visa for non-EU investors, the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) is gaining momentum as a top residency option. At a time when visa policies are changing, it's natural to be concerned about what might come next.
The aim of this guide is to provide clarity and reassurance - breaking down the 2025 updates to the NLV in a simple and transparent way, while also highlighting alternative routes for those exploring life in Spain beyond the Golden Visa.
The Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) is a type of long-term residence permit that allows non-EU citizens to live in Spain without engaging in any lucrative (i.e. income-generating) activity in the country. The word 'lucrative' refers to a job or business that generates income, and this visa is specifically designed for those who can support themselves financially without having to work in Spain.
According to 2023 data from the Permanent Observatory on Immigration (OPI), 12% of long-term visas were issued for non-working residence (including NLVs) and only 25% went to people over 49, showing that most applicants are younger than retirement age.
Key Components of the NLV
Understanding the key components of the NLV helps to clarify how this permit works and who it is best suited for:
Mainly intended for retirees and individuals with passive income (e.g. pensions, rental income, savings)
Granted for an initial period of 1 year
From 2025, may be renewable for up to 4 years (not yet officially confirmed)
Can lead to long-term residency after 5 years of continuous legal residence in Spain
What’s New in 2025 for NLV Applicants?
In 2025, several important updates were introduced to Spain's Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) programme:
Minimum Residence Requirement (aka The 183-day rule): Applicants will now need to live in Spain for at least 183 days a year to keep their NLV status. This is in line with Spain's tax residency rules, meaning that NLV holders are considered tax residents and must declare their worldwide income.
Digital Application Procedures: The application process has been made easier by using digital platforms, which allow for online submissions, document uploads, and fee payments. This means you don't need to make an appointment to come in person, and the residency applications should be processed within 3-6 months.
Clarification on Renewal Periods: Despite earlier reports suggesting an extension, NLV renewals remain valid for 2 years per renewal, with an extension to up to 4 years still under discussion.
While the Non-Lucrative Visa suits those with a passive income, Spain offers several other options for those wishing to reside, depending on personal and professional circumstances:
Digital Nomad Visa : For remote workers or freelancers earning from non-Spanish clients. It allows legal residence while continuing work for foreign companies. 👉 Complete Guide
Work and Residence Visa : For individuals with a job offer from a Spanish employer. The employer typically initiates the process, and labor market clearance may be required.
Entrepreneur Visa : For applicants planning to start an innovative business in Spain. A viable business plan and economic or social impact are key factors for approval.
Family Reunification Visa : Allows close family members (spouse, minor children, dependent parents) to join a legal resident already living in Spain.
Student Visa : For non-EU citizens enrolled in educational programs in Spain lasting longer than 90 days. It allows temporary residence for the duration of the studies and can sometimes be converted into a work permit.
The visa application fee is $140 for US citizens and $94 for most other nationalities, plus an additional $11 residence permit fee for all applicants. There are also additional costs for document processing, such as translations, certifications and apostilles, which typically range from €100 to €500.
From which country can the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) be processed?
The NLV must be processed from the applicant's country of origin or legal residence. Applications must be made in person at the Spanish consulate or embassy responsible for the applicant's place of residence. It cannot be applied for from within Spain.
What are the main reasons a Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) can be denied?
Applications for a Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) to Spain can be denied due to several common issues. These include insufficient financial evidence, incorrect or missing documents, lack of valid private health insurance and a criminal record. Another common reason is suspicion of remote work or economic activity, which is not allowed under this visa. In addition, previous breaches of the 183-day Schengen rule or overstays may raise red flags. To avoid rejection, applicants should ensure they have a clean travel history, accurate documentation and solid evidence of passive income.
What are the current income requirements for obtaining a Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) in Spain?
As of 2025, the income requirements for Spain's Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) will remain unchanged from 2024. Applicants must demonstrate an annual income of at least €28,800, equivalent to 400% of the IPREM (€7,200). An additional €7,200 per year (100% of IPREM) is required for each dependent.
